Russell Singleton pleaded guilty to 21 charges when he appeared at Nottingham Crown Court in March.
He admitted seven charges of sexual activity when he was in a position of trust; nine of taking indecent photographs; two of making indecent photographs and three charges of voyeurism, where he recorded women for his own sexual gratification.
The charges relate to children aged 13 to 17 years and adults between 18 and 24 years.
Singleton worked at Alfreton Grange Arts College, formerly known as Mortimer Wilson Secondary School, and was involved in operatic societies, including one in Nottingham.
The 56-year-old filmed children and adults showering or using a toilet with a camera on a shelf in a wall cavity behind a two-way mirror.
Police revealed they executed a search warrant after a victim came forward.
They found the camera which was trained on the toilet and shower in a bathroom.
Officers said they found 24 videos of nine different females and more than 300 images on his mobile phone, some duplicated and some unidentifiable.
Some of the offences happened at the school, police said.
Singleton, who taught at Grange Arts College for 35 years and lives in Lawn Close, Heanor, has been dismissed.
Judge Michael Stokes QC said: "He was plainly a talented and enthusiastic teacher who had engendered feelings of loyalty and affection in his pupils. "Teaching comes with certain obligations. "One of which is to behave in a honourable and professional way on all occasions and not to take advantage of young minds and young bodies whatever the temptation may be."